Phenotypic and genotypic profile of the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates and evaluation of physical and chemical potability indicators in groundwater in Brazil.

The aquatic environment has received increasing attention regarding the evolution of bacterial resistance, either as a source of resistance genes or as a matrix for the dissemination of these genes. We evaluated the physicochemical, microbiological and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of 160 samples from alternative water well solutions. According to Ordinance 2914/2011 - MS, 44 (27.5%) samples were considered unsafe if at least one physicochemical parameter exceeded permissible limits. Escherichia coli were found in 30.6% of the unregistered housing estates (UHE) and 1.9% of the local sanitary surveillance system (RW). The total of 158 bacterial strains were isolated from 13 (25%) RW and 68 (63%) UHE, 132 of which (83.5%) were obtained from UHE samples. In the investigation of resistance genes, tetA, qnrS and qnrB genes were detected in three, one and eight isolates, respectively. Our results emphasize the importance of constant surveillance and control of the quality of water supplies.

High rates of Salmonella contamination in raw kibbe from commercial establishments: predominance of Salmonella Give.

Salmonella is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis worldwide in both humans and animals and one of the main agents involved in foodborne disease outbreaks. In this study, 70 raw kibbe samples from different commercial establishments were analyzed for Salmonella spp. The isolates were seroyped and tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis was carried out following the standard protocol of the PulseNet network. Fifteen (21.4%) samples were contaminated with Salmonella and S. Give was the prevalent serotype (46.7%). Similarity of 96.3% was observed among the S. Give isolates (n = 7), which indicates the possible spread of the same clone in the analyzed commercial establishments. S. Rissen and S. Typhimurium showed antimicrobial resistance. The detection of a significant percentage of contamination in raw kibbe and of the resistant strains indicates the risk that the consumption of this dish may represent.

Salmonella Alachua: causative agent of a foodborne disease outbreak

Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of the first outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella Alachua in Brazil, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and the genetic relatedness of Salmonella Alachua strains isolated from clinical and food samples. Material and methods: To elucidate the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was carried out, and two samples of common food were tested - mayonnaise salad and galinhada (a traditional Brazilian dish of chicken and rice) - according to the Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. Five stool samples were tested employing classic methods for the isolation and identification of enterobacteria. Strains of Salmonella were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility according to the Clinical and Laboratory Stan- dards Institute guidelines (2013), and submitted to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, performed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PulseNet protocol. Results: A total of 94 people were interviewed after ingesting the food, 66 of whom had become ill. A 60-year old female patient who was hospitalized in a serious condition, developed septic shock and died two days after consuming the food. The presence of Salmonella Alachua was confirmed in all the analyzed stool samples, and in the two types of food. The five strains showed higher than minimum inhibitory concentration values of nalidixic acid (≥256 µg/mL) and reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration = 0.5 µg/mL). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed indistinguishable patterns in Salmonella Alachua strains isolated from clinical and food samples. Conclusion: The data presented herein confirm the foodborne disease outbreak. They also allowed for the identification of the source of infection, and suggest that products from poultry are potential reservoirs for this serotype, reinforcing the ...

Salmonella Alachua: causative agent of a foodborne disease outbreak.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to report the occurrence of the first outbreak of food poisoning caused by Salmonella Alachua in Brazil, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and the genetic relatedness of Salmonella Alachua strains isolated from clinical and food samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To elucidate the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was carried out, and two samples of common food were tested--mayonnaise salad and galinhada (a traditional Brazilian dish of chicken and rice)--according to the Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. Five stool samples were tested employing classic methods for the isolation and identification of enterobacteria. Strains of Salmonella were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (2013), and submitted to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, performed according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PulseNet protocol. RESULTS: A total of 94 people were interviewed after ingesting the food, 66 of whom had become ill. A 60-year old female patient who was hospitalized in a serious condition, developed septic shock and died two days after consuming the food. The presence of Salmonella Alachua was confirmed in all the analyzed stool samples, and in the two types of food. The five strains showed higher than minimum inhibitory concentration values of nalidixic acid (≥256 µg/mL) and reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration=0.5 µg/mL). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed indistinguishable patterns in Salmonella Alachua strains isolated from clinical and food samples. CONCLUSION: The data presented herein confirm the foodborne disease outbreak. They also allowed for the identification of the source of infection, and suggest that products from poultry are potential reservoirs for this serotype, reinforcing the importance of warning consumers about the danger of possible contamination.

Solução alternativa coletiva de abastecimento de água (SAC): avaliação da qualidade bacteriológica e da cloração / Alternative collective resolution for public water supply: bacteriological and chlorination quality evaluation

As águas de soluções alternativas coletivas de abastecimento (SAC) nos municípios situados no noroeste do estado de São Paulo foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade bacteriológica e ao teor de cloro residual livre (CRL), de acordo com a Portaria nº 518 do Ministério da Saúde. Entre 2004 e 2010, foram analisadas 3.564 amostras de 66 municípios da área de abrangência do Grupo de Vigilância Sanitária 29 – São José do Rio Preto (GVS 29 – SJRP-SP) e de 26 municípios do GVS 30-Jales. Das amostras em desacordo (1.775) da região de abrangência do GVS 29 – SJRP-SP, observou-se que 1.201 (67,7 %), 1.107 (62,4 %) e 256 (14,4 %) foram não conformes, respectivamente, em pelo menos um dos seguintes parâmetros: CRL, coliformes totais e C. termotolerantes/Escherichia coli. Quanto às amostras em desacordo da região do GVS 30-Jales (317), os números foram: 104 (32,8%), 257 (81,0%) e 82 (25,9%). Considerando-se a identificação de indicadores de contaminação das águas dos SAC, este estudo fornece subsídios aos serviços de abastecimento de água e de vigilância em saúde para implementar o controle e a prevenção de doenças de transmissão e de origem hídrica e para melhoria das condições e qualidade de vida das comunidades abrangidas.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ocorrência e suscetibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos de isolados de amostras de água tratada utilizada em solução de diálise / Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the occurrence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolates from treated water samples utilized for preparing dialysis solution

A pesquisa de Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi realizada em amostras de água tratada utilizada na solução de diálise de oito Unidades de Terapia Renal Substitutiva (UTRS) em quatro municípios do noroeste do estado de São Paulo e o perfil de resistência aos agentes antimicrobianos das cepas isoladas foi avaliado por teste de sensibilidade (TSA). Entre 2000 e 2009 foram analisadas 508 amostras seguindo-se a metodologia descrita no Standard Methods forthe Examination of Water and Waste water (2005) e 43 (8,5 por cento) evidenciaram contaminação por P. aeruginosa. Dessas amostras, 55,8 por cento, 23,3 por cento e 20,9 por cento foram, respectivamente, oriundas da sala branca, ponto de pós-osmose/de ionizador e sala amarela das diferentes UTRS. A frequência de isolamento da bactéria foi maior em amostrasda UTRS A (53,5 por cento) e em 2004 houve a detecção de maior número de amostras contaminadas (16,7 por cento). Dos 43 isolados, 38 foram analisados pelo TSA, sendo identificadas resistência intermediária a gentamicina em um(2,6 por cento) e resistência a aztreonam e ticarcilina/ácido clavulânico em outro isolado (2,6 por cento). Pelas implicações da P. aeruginosa em saúde pública, sua investigação no monitoramento de qualidade da água para diálise constituimedida necessária e sua ocorrência indica as possíveis deficiências no controle da rede de distribuição da água.

Surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos contaminados por Staphylococcus aureus, ocorridos no período de dezembro de 2001 a abril de 2003, na região de São José do Rio Preto-SP / Foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Staphylococcus aureus, in region of São José do Rio Preto-SP, during the period from December 2001 to April 2003

Os surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos - DTA constituem um dos mais amplos problemas do mundo contemporâneo. Dentre eles, a intoxicação estafilocócica é uma doença comum, cuja verdadeira incidência é desconhecida em muitos países. Este estudo teve como objetivo relatar surtos de DTA, confirmados laboratorialmente, envolvendo Staphylococcus aureus, ocorridos na região de São José do Rio Preto - SP no período de dezembro de 2001 a abril de 2003. Foram investigados 08 surtos por meio de análises bacteriológicas e de inquéritos epidemiológicos. Desses, 04 (50%) foram confirmados laboratorialmente e Staphylococcus aureus foi o agente envolvido na totalidade deles. Os produtos de confeitaria, como doces e salgados, foram os alimentos implicados. Segundo os inquéritos epidemiológicos, o número total de indivíduos afetados foi 52 (sendo 13 a média de pessoas por surto) e de hospitalizados 07 (13,5%). A mediana do período de incubação variou de 30 minutos a 3 horas. Vômito e diarréia foram os sintomas comuns e prevalentes na totalidade dos surtos, sendo, ainda, observada a presença de febre em 03 (75%) deles. O estudo dessas enfermidades é de extrema importância, gerando subsídios aos órgãos de saúde pública para tomada de medidas de prevenção e controle dos riscos relacionados às práticas de fabricação e conservação de alimentos, visando a redução de ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por alimentos